1.Physical Treatment Methods
Physical treatment serves as a core process in industrial wastewater treatment. It separates suspended particles, impurities and floating substances from water through physical methods without altering the chemical properties of pollutants. Common processes include grid interception, sedimentation, air flotation and filtration, which can effectively remove large particulate impurities, suspended solids and oil contaminants in wastewater and reduce the treatment load of subsequent biochemical procedures.
2.Chemical Treatment Methods
Chemical agents such as acid-base regulators, flocculants, oxidants and reducing agents are added to trigger chemical reactions with pollutants in wastewater, realizing the decomposition, precipitation or harmless transformation of pollutants. It is mainly used for neutralizing acid-base wastewater, removing heavy metal ions and degrading toxic and harmful organic matter, and is applicable to the pretreatment and advanced treatment of high-concentration and refractory industrial wastewater.
3.Biochemical Treatment Methods
It utilizes the metabolic function of microorganisms to decompose organic pollutants in wastewater and convert them into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide and water, serving as the main treatment process for industrial wastewater. Common processes include activated sludge process, biofilm process and anaerobic treatment process. With the advantages of low treatment cost and stable treatment effect, it is widely used for organic wastewater treatment in chemical, food, printing and dyeing industries.
4.Physicochemical Treatment Methods
Combining dual physical and chemical principles, it is suitable for complex wastewater that cannot be treated by a single process. Common processes include coagulation sedimentation, adsorption, ion exchange and membrane separation. It can efficiently remove trace impurities, heavy metals, chroma and refractory organic matter in water, and is mostly applied to the advanced treatment of industrial wastewater to ensure effluent discharge compliance.
5.Advanced Treatment and Reuse Technology
Advanced treatment processes such as ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, ozonation and activated carbon filtration are applied to tail water after conventional treatment to further remove residual pollutants. The water quality of treated industrial wastewater can meet the standards for production reuse and green water replenishment, realizing wastewater resource utilization and reducing enterprises’water resource consumption and sewage discharge.
6.Source Control and Operation Management
Optimize production processes and implement clean production to reduce the generation of wastewater and pollutants from the source; carry out classified collection and graded treatment of wastewater to avoid increased treatment difficulty caused by mixed discharge of different water quality; regularly maintain sewage treatment equipment and monitor water quality indicators to ensure long-term stable and compliant operation of the wastewater treatment system.